Ancient Greek and Roman

The Republic

Background

Believed to be written around 375 BC, Plato’s “The Republic” is a foundational philosophical text that explores the nature of justice, the structure of an ideal society, and the role of individuals within it. Written as a Socratic dialogue, it primarily features Socrates engaging with various interlocutors on topics such as justice, governance, education, and the human soul. The text introduces key concepts, including the tripartite structure of the soul, the allegory of the cave, and the theory of forms. Plato uses these ideas to argue for a society governed by philosopher-kings, where rationality and wisdom guide decisions for the collective good. The Republic remains a seminal work in Western philosophy, influencing discussions on ethics, politics, and epistemology.

The Republic
The Republic

My Thoughts

When reading through Socrates’s proofs, I feel like a steel ring is put in my nose and I’m led calmly along to the slaughter. This was even more the case as I was listening to it via audiobook. So often through the text, I wanted to stop Socrates and make contrary points. Or at least grab the interrogator and slap him a few times for his one word replies. The subject matter in the narrative is treated as black and white, but there is so much gray, it was very difficult to move on to another topic. I wanted to engage more on reflect on it much more than I took to the time to do so. I guess people have been engaging with it for over two thousand years so maybe I shouldn’t feel too bad about it.

I took a course on this work that had an interesting take on person of Socrates. Namely, Plato invented Socrates to establish a groundwork and then build off of that work. His “teacher” was in fact his creation which would speak even more to the genius of Plato and his rhetorical abilities. That thought in mind extensively colored the reading and caused my perspective to be even more contrary than my norm.

Recommendation

This is seminal importance to western thought and, as such, deserves some time and thought. However, it will take time and thought so I would recommend to plan accordingly.

The Odyssey

Background

Believed to date from the 8th century BCE, “The Odyssey” is attributed to the poet Homer. The Odyssey is an epic poem that follows the Greek hero Odysseus as he attempts to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War. Over the course of ten years, Odysseus encounters numerous obstacles, including mythical creatures like the Cyclops Polyphemus, the enchantress Circe, and the Sirens, as well as divine interventions from gods like Poseidon and Athena. Meanwhile, his wife Penelope and son Telemachus contend with suitors vying for Penelope’s hand, believing Odysseus to be dead. The poem explores themes of loyalty, perseverance, cunning, and the human struggle against fate. Written in dactylic hexameter, The Odyssey remains a cornerstone of Western literature, reflecting the values and culture of ancient Greece.

The Odyssey
The Odyssey

My Thoughts

I have read this before but this time I listen to it on audio book. I believe I was able to enjoy it much more this way as I wasn’t forced to sound through all the names and places. If I were to do it again, I believe the best way would be to read it while listening to the narration for the best effect.

However, I can’t really say I enjoyed it. My reading of this work is much more in line with wanting to have a familiarity with the story rather than deriving joy from the process.

Our hero ‘Odysseus’ is consistently helped along by Athena herself and given several reassurances from Zeus. Odysseus is a manly man who is the Greek ideal. Smart, cunning, and extremely strong. If this were the 1980’s, he would be lifting his sword and saying, “By the power of Greyskull!” And then give us our moral for the day. Poseidon is angry with him because he had the nerve to blind the cyclops rather than be eaten like several of his crew. (While tragic in the moment, the loss of so many didn’t seem to be truly felt.) Unfortunately, men are hanging out at Odysseus’s home and are making a play for his wife. During which, they are all eating Odysseus’s food and bullying his staff. His son, Telemachus, is a pansy who can’t manage to throw them out. (In fairness, Telemachus does eventually get the nerve to help out, but he had wait for his father to return and clean house.) Now, does Odysseus just show up and toss them out? Of course not! He shows up as a beggar, gets abused, and then shows up everyone in a test of manhood. Then he kills the suitors, the staff who didn’t seem to miss him, and leaves again to fulfill the prophecy given to him in Hades.

As a modern reader, several of the ideals seem to be very familiar. A sense of justice for one. However, I would qualify it as Disney justice though because only the main protagonists receive justice. Some of the staff continued to pray for the return of Odysseus and they were rewarded, yet this is the exception. Most characters felt the sword of justice rather than rewards.

What was striking to me was the ancient world’s view of the gods. The sacrifices at every meal, the ability to offend one by pleasing another. That must have been a very confusing time to live.

All that said, I’m sure I missed a great deal as there are entire courses on this work. I will have to look into it a bit more.

Recommendation

It is worth the read. Not only is a cornerstone of Western thought, it is a mark of education and culture to understand the names and references.

How to Think Like a Roman Emperor

Background

Published in April of 2020, How to Think Like a Roman Emperor is a study on the meditations of Marcus Aurelius and stoicism in general. The book guides you through the history of stoicism and through some of it’s main tenets.

How to Think Like a Roman Emperor
How to Think Like a Roman Emperor

My Thoughts

I really enjoyed this book and it was a compelling read. I felt the author did a great job of going through the histories and linking them to the present day. I also enjoyed that the author had come to my University and one of my employees had filmed him talking about the book. So I got a little bonus.

Recommendation

Great read and worth the time

The Iliad

Background

Tales as old as time… The Iliad, also known as the “Song of Ilium”, is an epic poem traditionally attributed to Homer in the 8th century BC. However, all of it is debatable. What isn’t debatable is it tells the story of the Trojan War, the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles, the climatic fight between Achilles and Hector, and all the Greed gods causing issues.

The Iliad
The Iliad

My Thoughts

My first thought was the translation I had was hilarious in terms of the wording. “Bite the dust,” “hurly- burly,” and other such gems were fun to come across in the Trojan setting. There were several Roman crossovers as well, “Juno” rather than “Hera” and so on. The biggest stars of this book was really Zeus and the rest of the gods. Everything was blamed on them and they were in every detail. They were constantly fighting and picked sides in the conflict.

Recommendation

It was pretty underwhelming to read but so important to Western culture that it is worth the time.